Circuit X Code

February, 2021

20 February
Analog to Digital Conversion Calculator

Analog to Digital Conversion Overview Microcontrollers are essentially computers. And like computers, they only understand two numbers: a 1 and a 0. So when a microcontoller needs to read a quantity with varying numbers in a period of time (a.k.a. analog), an analog-to-digital conversion is necessary. An ADC (analog-to-digital) converter …
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18 February
Voltage Divider Calculator

Introduction to Voltage Dividers Resistors are in series when the same current flows through them. Consequently, by Ohm’s Law, the total voltage in a circuit of series resistors is the sum of the individual drops on the resistors. Another way of saying this is that each resistor contributes to the …
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December, 2020

31 December
Using Ternary Operator in Arduino

If your Arduino code involves decision making, then it’s very likely you’re using conditional statements. Using if … else… is common; switch statements can be used as well. But there is a third way, using ternary operator, that will really make your code shorter. Example Scenario Say we are reading …
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June, 2020

29 June
Creating an Arduino Class

The Arduino platform runs on C++ and with this comes all the pros (and cons) of the language. One of those pros is the use of classes and in general, object oriented coding. This article aims to guide you in creating your own Arduino classes which can make your sketches …
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28 June
Using Arrays in Arduino Programming

An array is a data structure for storing multiple variables of the same data type. Mastering arrays will definitely make your Arduino sketches more efficient. If you’re a beginner when it comes to Arduino array, then this tutorial is for you.
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27 June
How to Use CD4013 Dual D Type Flip Flop | Datasheet

The CD4013 is an integrated circuit consisting of two D-type flip-flops. It has a number of applications in digital circuits but is primarily for latching data.
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13 June
WeMos D1 Mini Schematic Diagram

The schematic diagram for the ESP8266 WeMos D1 Mini board: Some notes on the schematic:
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2 June
Feature: FastLED Arduino Library

Description FastLED is a fast, efficient, easy-to-use Arduino library for programming addressable LED strips and pixels such as WS2810, WS2811, LPD8806, Neopixel and more. FastLED is used by thousands of developers, in countless art and hobby projects, and in numerous commercial products.
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1 June
Implementing an 8-point Moving Average Filter

If you read sensors using microcontrollers before, you have dealt with data that is always moving above or below a set point. This “noisy” data can be processed using a moving average filter.
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1 June
Using Single-Supply Op-Amps for Microcontroller Projects

An application note on how to implement an embedded system circuit with single-supply operational amplifiers.
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May, 2020

31 May
Implementing Bubble Sort in AVR/Arduino

This is a short note on implementing the Bubble Sort algorithm on the AVR and Arduino microcontrollers. Bubble sort or sinking sort is one of the many sorting algorithms. In this algorithm, a list is repeatedly read where each line is compared to adjacent elements and swaps them if they …
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31 May
Battery Charger Circuit for NiMH with Status Indicator

An application note for an intelligent trickle battery charger circuit for NiMH batteries, using an 8-bit microcontroller.
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January, 2020

16 January
How to Use the LM2596S Module

The LM2596S module is an easy to use voltage regulator for people who use multiple power sources in their projects.
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5 January
How to Send HTTP Post and Get Requests Using Arduino ENC28J60 Ethernet Shield

In this IoT age, there are several ways of sending and getting data to/from a microcontroller to a remote server. This article will be the first part of a series about such ways through the Arduino ENC28J60 shield or module. Here I will be showing the classic way of communicating …
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December, 2019

31 December
How to Save and Retrieve a String to Arduino EEPROM

An Arduino’s EEPROM, depending on the type of board, can store up to 4 KB of data. The Arduino UNO, in particular, stores 1024 bytes or 1024 ASCII characters. With that space, how can we store a sentence? Or a paragraph? This is what this article is all about.
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